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乌鬼

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汉字拆解乌鬼

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川俗事奉的鬼神名。或称乌蛮鬼。唐杜甫《戏作俳谐遣闷》诗之一"异俗吁可怪，斯人难并居。家家养乌鬼，顿顿食黄鱼。"仇兆鳌注"蔡寛夫《诗话》元微之《江陵》诗'病赛乌称鬼，巫占瓦代j。'自注云'南人染病，竞赛乌鬼，楚巫列肆，悉卖j卜。'乌鬼之名见于此。巴楚间，常有杀人祭鬼者，曰乌野七神头，则乌鬼乃所事神名耳。或云'养'字乃'赛'字之误，理或然也。邵伯温《闻见録》夔峡之人，岁正月，十百为曹，设牲酒于田间，已而众操兵大噪，谓之养乌鬼。长老言地近乌蛮战场，多与人为厉，用以禳之。《艺苑雌黄》谓乌蛮鬼。"参阅宋胡仔《苕溪渔隐丛话前集．杜少陵七》﹑宋惠洪《冷斋夜话》卷四。另有二说 2.(1)鸬鹚的别名。宋沈括《梦溪笔谈．艺文三》"克乃按《夔州图经》，称峡中人谓鸬鹚为乌鬼。蜀人临水居者，皆养鸬鹚，绳系其颈，使之捕鱼。"明焦竑《焦氏笔乘．乌鬼》"鸬鹚，水鸟，似鶂而黑，峡中人号曰乌鬼。子美诗'家家养乌鬼，顿顿食黄鱼'，言此乌捕鱼，而人得食之也。"郭沫若《李白与杜甫．杜甫的地主生活》"'乌鬼'有种种解释，有人解为鸬鹚(四川人呼为'渔老鸦')，我认为比较可靠。" 3.(2)猪的别名。或特指祭鬼神用的猪。宋胡仔《苕溪渔隐丛话前集．杜少陵七》"《漫叟诗话》云……'予崇宁间往兴国军，太守杨鼎臣字汉杰，一日约饭乡味，作蒸猪头肉，因谓予曰川人嗜此肉，家家养猪，杜诗所谓"家家养乌鬼"是也。每呼猪则乌鬼声，故号猪为乌鬼。'"宋马永卿《懒真子》卷四"仆亲见一峡中人士夏侯节立夫言'乌鬼，猪也。峡中人家多事鬼，家养一猪，非祭鬼不用。故于猪群中特呼乌鬼以别之。'此言良是。"

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